Malware & Spyware Basics
"Malware" is a broad umbrella term covering several different categories of malicious software. Here's a general, plain-language breakdown of the common ones.
Spyware
Software generally designed to secretly monitor activity, keystrokes, or browsing habits and send that data elsewhere without proper consent.
Adware
Software that displays unwanted advertisements, sometimes bundled with legitimate downloads, ranging from mildly annoying to genuinely disruptive.
Trojans
Malicious software disguised as something legitimate or useful, tricking users into installing it voluntarily.
Browser hijackers
Programs that change browser settings (like your homepage or default search engine) without clear permission, often redirecting to unwanted sites.
This is general educational information about common malware categories, not a comprehensive security glossary or a recommendation of any specific product.
Common questions
What's the difference between spyware and a virus?
Spyware is generally software designed to secretly monitor activity or collect data without proper consent, while a virus is designed to replicate itself and spread, often causing damage. Both fall under the broader umbrella term "malware," but they behave differently.
Is adware the same as spyware?
Not exactly, though they're related and often bundled together. Adware generally focuses on displaying unwanted advertisements, while spyware focuses on covertly collecting information — some programs do both.